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Amr H. Abdallah; El-Ghoul W.; Ahmed N. Abdallah; Samar H. Elsharkawy; Samar Saeed; Nesrine Ebrahim; Ahmed I. Abdelgalil; Ashraf A. Shamaa. "Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review". Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 10, 2, 2025, 110-127. doi: 10.21608/javs.2025.359578.1535
Abdallah, A., W., E., Abdallah, A., Elsharkawy, S., Saeed, S., Ebrahim, N., Abdelgalil, A., Shamaa, A. (2025). 'Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review', Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), pp. 110-127. doi: 10.21608/javs.2025.359578.1535
Abdallah, A., W., E., Abdallah, A., Elsharkawy, S., Saeed, S., Ebrahim, N., Abdelgalil, A., Shamaa, A. Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2025; 10(2): 110-127. doi: 10.21608/javs.2025.359578.1535
Recent Advances in Composite Materials for the Treatment of Critical-Size Bone Defects: A narrative review
1Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
2Department of Hormones, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
3National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
4Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt; Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt
5Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
Receive Date: 18 February 2025,
Revise Date: 15 March 2025,
Accept Date: 22 March 2025
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) are a significant issue in reconstructive surgery, demanding the development of improved biomaterials to promote bone regeneration. Composite materials have emerged as attractive alternatives because of their ability to approximate native bone's hierarchical structure while also providing specific mechanical and biological qualities. IN this narrative review, a complete discussion of material selection for composite construction including bio ceramics, polymers, and bioactive agents were summarized. this review determines the most recent fabrication techniques used in composite synthesis, such as solvent casting, electrospinning, freeze-drying, and 3D printing, focusing on their effects on structural integrity and bioactivity. Details of the most used composites were also summarized. Additionally, different bone healing assessment approaches were explored to determine the efficacy of these composites in promoting bone regeneration. Over all the composites containing biomaterials like natural bone, such as hydroxyapatite and collagen, are the most widely used composites, due to their excellent osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties.Fabrication methods are tailored to the desired composite properties, electrospinning is the choice for the precise fabrication of nanofibrous composites with high surface area. While Sol-gel processing was used if high-purity, bioactive ceramic-polymer composites are required. Additionally freeze-drying method was used if a highly porous composite structure was required for rapid vascularization. Micro-CT is the most reliable technique for non-destructively analyzing the structure, degradation, and osseointegration of composites using high-resolution imaging. In conclusion Composites are expected to provide an effective long-term solution for CSBD and offer insight that may inform future human bone regeneration strategies and veterinary regenerative therapies.
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