Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicne, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Receive Date: 17 November 2022,
Revise Date: 08 January 2023,
Accept Date: 18 February 2023
Abstract
In recent years, intensive selection has resulted in the development of metabolic diseases, including ascites, in chickens as a consequence of their genetic potential to grow rapidly. Many factors interact to cause ascites, including management practices, environmental conditions, and genetic makeup. In the modern broiler industry, ascites syndrome (AS), also called pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS), is regarded as the main reason for morbidity and mortality. Current meat chicken lines have a faster metabolic process, which requires a greater amount of oxygen, particularly when they are fed high nutrient density diets or when they are kept in cold environments, Due to their underdeveloped cardiorespiratory systems, broilers cannot get enough oxygen to meet their requirements and suffer from hypoxemia, which in turn leads to pulmonary hypertension syndrome. A wide range of management practices as controlled feeding protocols, and limited lighting periods, besides adding antioxidants to feed, are outlined for reducing ascites incidence in broiler chickens. Also, the use of higher levels of dietary vitamins such as C and E, besides selenium, is believed to help lower the incidence of ascites. The improvement of low-temperature environmental shelter conditions appears to reduce the prevalence of PHS. Molecular genetics employed to diagnose and select against susceptible broilers' grandparents is being employed to eliminate involved genes.
ANTHONY, N. B., and BALOG, J. M., 2003. Divergent selection for ascites: development of susceptible and resistant lines. Proceedings of 52nd Annual National Breeders Roundtable., St. Louis, MO, 39-58. https://books.google.iq
BALOG, M.J., ANTHONY, N.B., COOPER, M.A., KIDD, B.D., HUFF, G.R., HUFF, W.E., and RATH, N.C., 2000. Ascites syndrome and related pathologies in feed restricted broilers raised in a hypobaric chamber. Poultry Science, 79, 318 - 323. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.3.318
BALOG, J.M. 2003. Ascites syndrome (pulmonary hypertension syndrome) in broiler chickens: are we seeing the light at the end of the tunnel? Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews, 14(3), 99 -126. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0130063
BAGHBANZADEH, A., and DECUYPERE, E., 2008. Ascites syndrome in broilers: physiological and nutritional perspectives. Avian Pathology 37(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450801902062
COELLO, C.L., ARCE, M.J., and AVILA, G.E., 2000. Management techniques to reduce incidence of ascites and SDS. Proceeding of the XXI World’s Poultry Science Association Congress, WPSA, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
CAMACHO-FERNANDEZ, D., LOPEZ, C., AVILA, E., and ARCE, J., 2002. Evaluation of different dietary treatments to reduce the ascites syndrome and their effect on corporal characteristics in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 11, 164-174. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/11.2.164
CHUNG, W. K., DENG, L., CARROLL, J. S., MALLORY, N., DIAMOND, B., ROSENZWEIG, E. B., and MORSE, J. H., 2009. Polymorphism in the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (AGTR1) is Associated With Age at Diagnosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 28(4), 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2009.01.016
DEWIL, E., N. BUYS, G.A. ALBERS, A., and DECUYPERE, E., 1996. Different characteristics in chick embryos of two broiler lines differing in susceptibility to ascites. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:1003– 1013.
DECUYPERE, E., BUYSE, J., and BUYS, N., 2000. Ascites in broiler chickens: exogenous and endogenous structural and functional causal factors. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 56, 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20000025
DE SMIT, L., TONA, K., BRUGGEMAN, V., ONAGBESAN, O., HASSANZADEH, M., and DECUYPERE, E., 2005. Comparison of three lines of broilers differing in ascites susceptibility or growth rate, egg weight loss, gas pressures, embryonic heat production and physiological hormone levels. Poultry Science 84: 1446-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.9.1446
DJORDJEVIC, T., and GORLACH, A., 2007. Urotensin-II in the lung: A matter for vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension? Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 98(11), 952-962. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH07-04-0294
DRUYAN, S., BEN-DAVID, A., and CAHANER, A., 2007. Development of Ascites-Resistant and Ascites-Susceptible Broiler Lines. Poultry Science, 86(5), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.5.811
DRUYAN, S., SHLOSBERG, A., and CAHANER. A., 2007b. Evaluation of growth rate, body weight, heart rate and blood parameters as potential indicators for selection against susceptibility to the ascites syndrome in young broilers. Poult. Sci. 86:621–629.https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.4.621
DHAMA, K., CARKRABORTY, S., VERMA, A.K., TIWARI, R., BARATHIDASAN, R., KUMAR, A., and SINGH, S.D., 2013. Fungal/Mycotic Diseases of Poultry-diagnosis, Treatment and Control: A Review. Pakistan J. Biological Sci., 16:1626-1640. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.1626.1640
DEY, S., PARVEEN, A., TARRANT, K.J., LICKNACK, T., KONG, B.C., ANTHONY, N.B., and RHOADS, D.D., 2018. Whole genome resequencing identifies the CPQ gene as a determinant of ascites syndrome in broilers. PloS one. 13, e0189544. https://doi.org/10.1371.
EZZULDDIN, TH. A., JWHER, DH. M., and HASSAN, M. G., 2021. The effect of geographical location on genetic variation of local chicken in Nineveh governorate. Veterinary Practitioner 22 (2) 156-160.https://www.researchgate.net HALL, S.A., and MACHICAO, N., 1968. Myocarditis in broiler chickens reared at high altitude. Avian Diseases, 12, 7584. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
HAVENSTEIN, G.B., FERKET, P.R., SCHEIDELER, S.E., and LARSON, B.T., 1994. Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 vs 1991 broilers when fed typical 1957 and 1991 broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 73(12):1785-94. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731785
HASSANZADEH, M., BOZORGMERIFARD, M.H., AKBARI, A.R., BUYSE, J., and DECUYPERE, E., 2000. Effect of intermittent lighting schedules during the natural scotoperiod on T3-induced ascites in broiler chickens. Avian Pathology, 29, 433-439.https://doi.org/10.1080/030794500750047180
HADAD, Y., S. DRUYAN,, and CAHANER, A., 2006. Ascites in commercial broilers-Is it associated with rapid growth? World’s Poult. Sci. J. 62(Suppl.):602-603. (Abstr.).https://www.researchgate.net
JULIAN, R.J. 2000. Physiological management and environmental triggers of the ascites syndrome: a review. Avian Pathology, 29, 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079450020016751
KALMAR, I.D., DAISY, V., and Greet, P J., 2013. Broiler ascites syndrome: Collateral damage from efficient feed to meat conversion. The Veterinary Journal 197(2) 155-164.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.011.
KRISHNAMOORTHY, S., SMITH, C.D., Al-RUBAYE, A.A., ERF, G.F., WIDEMAN, R.F., ANTHONY, N.B., and RHOADS, D.D., 2014. A quantitative trait locus for ascites on chromosome 9 in broiler chicken lines. Poultry Science, 93(2), 307-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03359
KAMELY, M., KARIMI TORSHIZI MA., and RAHIMI, S., 2015. Incidence of ascites syndrome and related hematological response in short-term feed restricted broilers raised at low ambient temperature. Poultry science 94(9): 2247-2256.
LUBRITZ, D. L., and MC PHERSON, B. N. 1994. Effect of Genotype and Cold Stress on Incidence of Ascites in Cockerels. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 3(2), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/3.2.171.
LUGER, D., SHINDER, D., WOLFENSON, D., and YAHAV, S., 2003. Erythropoiesis regulation during the development of ascites syndrome in broiler chickens: A possible role of corticosterone on egg production. Journal of Animal Science, 81, 784-790. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.813784x
LORENZONI, A.G., and RUIZ-FERIA, C.A., 2006. Effect of vitamin E and L-Arginine on cardiopulmonary function and ascites parameters in broiler chickens reared under subnormal temperature. Poult. Sci., 85: 2241-2250. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.12.2241
MIRSALIMIl, S.M., JULIAN, R.J., and O'BRIEN, P.J., 1992. Biochemical and hematological values and deformability of the red cells in normal and salt treated broiler chickens. American Journal of Veterinary Research 53: 2359-2363.
NAVARRO, P., VISSCHER, P., ChATZIPLIS, D., KOERHYIS, A., and HALEY, C., 2006. Segregation analysis of blood oxygen saturation in broilers suggests a major gene influence on ascites. British Poultry Science, 47(6), 671-684.https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660601077931
NAMAKPARVAR, R., SHARIATMADARI, F., and HOSSIENI, S., 2014. Strain and sex effects on ascites development in commercial broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 15(2): 116-121. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20143326560
OlKOWSKI, A.A., WAJNAROWICZ, C., RATHGEBER, B.M., ABBOTT, J.A., and ClASSEN, H.L., 2003. Lesions of pericardium and their significance in the aetiology of heart failure in broiler chickens. Research in Veterinary Science, 74, 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5288(03)00004-3
OZKIN, S., PlAVNIK, I., and YAHAV, S., 2006. Effects of early feed restriction on performance and ascites development in broiler chickens subsequently raised at low ambient temperature. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 15, 9 -19.
OLKOWSKI, A.A., NAIN, S., WAJNAROWICZ, C., LAARVELD, B., AlCORN, J., and LING, B.B., 2007. Comparative study of myocardial high energy phosphate substrate content in slow and fast growing chicken and in chickens with heart failure and ascites. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, (148) 1: 230-238.
PAKDEL, A., VAN-ARENDONK, J.A.M., VEREIJKEN, A.L.J., and BOVENHUIS, H., 2002. Direct and maternal genetic effects for ascites-related traits in broilers. Poultry Science, 81, 1273-1279.
PAKDEL, A., RABIE, T., VEENEDAAL, T., CROOIJMANS, R.P.M.A., GROENEN, M.A.M., VEREIJKEN, A.L.J., Van ARENDON, J.A.M., and BOVENHUIS, H., 2004. Genetic analysis of ascites-related traits in broilers. Doctoral thesis, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, p:144. https://pakdel.iut.ac.ir
PAKDEL, A., BIJMA, P., DUCRO, B.J., and BOVENHUIS, H., 2005. Selection strategies for body weight and reduced ascites susceptibility in broilers. Poultry Science, 84, 528-535.
RABIE, T. S. K. M., CROOIJMANS, R. P. M. A., BOVENHUIS, H., VEREJKEN, A. L. J., VEENENDAAL, T., POEL, J. V. D., and GROENEN, M. A. M., 2005. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting susceptibility in chicken to develop pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Animal Genetics, 36(6), 468-476.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01346.x
RUIZ-FERIA, C.A. 2009. Concurrent supplementation of arginine, vitamin E, and vitamin C improve cardiopulmonary performance in broilers chickens. Poultry Science, 88:526-535. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00401
SHLOSBERG, A., BERMAN, E., BENDHEIM, U., and PLAVNIK, I., 1991. Controlled early feed restriction as a potential means of reducing the incidence of ascites in broilers. Avian Disease 35: 681-684.https://doi.org/10.2307/1591596
STOLIZ, J.L., ROSENBAUM, L.M., JEONG, D., and ODOM, T.W., 1992. Ascites syndrome, mortality and cardiological responses of broiler chickens subjected to cold exposure. Poultry Science, 71(Suppl 1), 4.
https://ijaast.com›publications
SCHEELE, C.W., VAN DER KLIS, J.D., KWAKERNAAK, C., BUYS, N., and DECUYPERE, E., 2003. Hematological characteristics predicting susceptibility for ascites. 2. High haematocrit values in juvenile chickens. British Poultry Science, 44, 484-489.https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001598300
SANGEETA DAS and PUBALEEM DEKA. 2019. Ascites syndrome (Water belly) in broiler and its management. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 7(6), 388-390.
SUFANG CHENG , XIN. L.I.U., PEI, L.I.U., GUYUE, L.I., XIAOQUAN, G.U.O., and LIN, L.I., 2021. Dysregulated expression of mRNA and SNP in pulmonary artery remodeling in ascites syndrome in broilers. Poultry Science, 100( 3), 1-8.
TERZICH, M., QUARLES, C., GOODWIN, M.A., and BROWN, J., 1998. Effect of Poultry Litter Treatment(R) (PLT(R)) on the development of respiratory tract lesions in broilers. Avian Pathology 27: 566-569.
WESTLAK, K., and DUTTON, M. F., 1985. The incidence of mycotoxins in litter, feed, and livers of chickens in Natal. S., Afr. J. Anim. Sci. l5(4): 175-177. https://www.researchgate.net
WIDEMAN, R. F., Jr., and FRENCH, H., 2000. Ascites resistance of progeny from broiler breeders selected for two generation using chronic unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion. Poult. Sci. 79:396–401.
WIDEMAN, R.F., and TACTETT, C., 2000. Cardiopulmonary function in broilers reared at warm or cold temperatures: effect of acute inhalation of 100% oxygen. Poultry Science, 79, 257-264.
WIDEMAN, R.F., RHOADS, D.D., ERF, G.F., and ANTHONY, N.B., 2013. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers: a review. Poult. Sci. 92, 64–83. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps. 2012-02745
WATANABE, T., KANOME, T., MIYAZAKI, A., and KATAGIRI, T., 2006. Human Urotensin II as a Link between Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease. Hypertension Research, 29(6), 375-387.
WALID, H.H., MOHAMMED, A. A., and AHMED, H. A., 2020. Bacteriological Studies on Ascites in Broiler Chicken. Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 66 No. 167. pp: 24-33. https://avmj.journals.ekb.e
View on SCiNiTO
Top