Seroprevalence and Evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Stray Dogs at AS- Sharqia Province, Egypt

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

2 Associate Professor Pet Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract

The stray dog population has no access to veterinary care and most of them are highly infested with ticks. Ticks can transmit various parasitic, viral and bacterial diseases to their host dogs as well as can also lead to various zoonotic infections in humans exposed to them as Lyme disease and skin rashes. Incidence of tick-transmitted bacterial infection Borreliosis is very high in tick infested dogs, especially in hot weather. The current cross-sectional study was carried out for the first time to detect the incidence of borrelia infection in tick-infested dogs in Sharqia province (Zagazig, Egypt) and revealed that female dogs (16.3%) were more heavily infected than male dogs (11.1%), while infected young dogs (20.5%) outnumbered infected adults (6.8%). The local strain of the dog’s infection was (53.8%) compared to other imported strains. Controlling ticks is considered most important for the eradication of seasonal and zoonotic diseases and to prevent further human infections. ELISA was used as a chemical test with an immunological relationship for IgM in our cross-sectional studies for various serum samples. IgG titer level detection at different stages of disease and infection. The most common diseases transmitted by tick to human and animals in mixed infection with other Spirochaete,  Anaplasma and Ehrlichia different stages of lifecycle of parasitic infestation and combined with secondary bacterial infection that is makes confusion for diagnosis and detection most common blood -Born parasites and their Zoonotic importance. Epidemiological studies in various research papers mostly do not consider using stereochemical investigation for Lyme diseases infection in human.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

ALICE, R.,  SOLÈNE, P.D., CÉLINE, C., PIERRE, T., CAROLE, E., 2021. Borreliosis and relapsing fever. Rev Prat. 2021 Dec;71(10):1113-1117. PMID: 35147372
ANDERSON, J.F. 1989. Epizootiology of borrelia in ixodes tick vectors and reservoir hosts. Review on Infectious Disease, 11(6): S1451-S1459. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.Supplement_6.S1451
BARBOUR, A. G. 1998. Fall and rise of Lyme disease and other Ixodes tick-borne infections in North America and Europe. British Medical Bulletin, 54: 647-658.
        DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011717
BHIDE, M., CURLIK, J., TRAVNICEK, M., and LAZAR, P., 2004. Protein A/G dependent ELISA a promising diagnostic tool in Lyme disease seroprevalence in game animals and hunting dogs. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases, 27: 191-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2003.10.001
BURGDORFER, W., and HAYES, S.F., 1990. Vector/spirochete relationships in louseborne and tick-borne borrelioses with emphasis on Lyme disease. In: K.F. Harris (Editor), Advances in Disease Vector Research, Vol. VI. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 127-150. Available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-3292-6_5
BURGDORFER, W., BARBOUR, A.G., HAYES, S.F., BENACH, J.L., GRUNWALDt, E., and  DAVIS, J.P., 1982. Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science, 216 (4552): 1317-1319. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1126/science.7043737
CHANDRASHEKAR, R., DANILUK, D., MOFFITT, S., LORENTZEN, L., and WILLIAMS, J., 2008. Serologic Diagnosis of Equine Borreliosis: Evaluation of an In-Clinic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (SNAP 4Dx). International Journal of Applied Research inVeterinary Medicine, 6: 145-150. DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000309
DIVERS, T., GRICE, A., MOHAMMED, H., GLASER, A., and WAGNER, B., 2012. Changes in Borrelia burgdorferi ELISA antibody over time in both antibiotic treated and untreated horses. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 60: 421-429.  DOI: 10.1556/AVet.2012.036
GRAY, J.S., KAHL, O., LANE, R.S., and STANEK, G., 2002. Lyme borreliosis: Biology, epidemiology, and control. CABI international., New York, p.347. Available at: https://b2n.ir/g86052
GE, Y., LI, C., CORUM, L., SLAUGHTER, C. A., and CHARON, N. W., 1998. Structure and expression of the FlaA periplasmic flagellar protein of Borrelia burgdorferi. Journal of bacteriology, 180: 2418-2425. DOI: 10.1128/JB.180.9.2418-2425.1998
GRAY, J., DAUTEL, H., ESTRADA-PEÑA, A., KAHL, O., and LINDGREN, E., 2009. Effects of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Europe. Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases . DOI: 10.1155/2009/593232
JOHNSON, R.C., SCHMID, G..P, HYDE, F.W., STEIGERWALT, A.G., and BRENNER, D.I., 1984. Borrelia burgdorferi sp. nov.: Etiologic agent of Lyme disease. International journal of systematic Bacteriology, 34(4): 496-497. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-34-4-496
KONTO, M., TUKUR, S., WATANABE, M., ABD-RANI, P., SHARMA, R., and FONG, L., 2015. Molecular prevalence of tick-borne hemopathogens of stray dogs in Klang Valley, Malaysia. PCVC6 and 27VAM. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050561
KEYSARY, A., WANER, T., ROSNER, M., WARNER, C. K., DAWSON, J. E., ZASS, BIGGIE, R. K. L., and HARRUS, S., 1996. The first isolation, in vitro propagation, and genetic characterization of Ehrlichia canis in Israel. Veterinary parasitology, 62, 331-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(95)00866-7
LEE, S.-H., YUN, S.-H., CHOI, E., PARK, Y.S.,. LEE, S.E., CHO, G.J., KWON, O.D., and KWAK, D., 2016. Serological Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi among Horses in Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 54: 97-101. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.97
LANE, R., PIESMAN, J., and BURGDORFER, W., 1989. Lyme borreliosis: relation of its causative agent to its vectors and hosts in North America and Europe. Annual review of entomology, 36: 587-609. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.003103
MAGNARELLI, L. A., ANDERSON, J. F., and SCHREIER, A.B., 1990. Persistance of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in New York and Connecticut. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 196: 1064-1068. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2329074/
MINISTRY OF FEDERAL TERRITORIES, 2015. Greater Kuala Lumpur. In Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley Unit Policy Planning Division, editon. MFT. Availabe at: http.//app.kwpkb.gov.my/greaterklkv/overview/).
PRAHARAJ, A., JETLEY S., and KALGHATGI A., 2008. Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in North Eastern India. Medical Journal of Armed Forces India, 64(1): 26-28.
DOI:  10.1016/S0377-1237(08)80140-2

REHAB A E.,  EL-ENBAAWY,  M.I., AHMED SAMIR, 2014. Lyme borreliosis: A neglected zoonosis in Egypt.  J. Actatropica1., 40:188-92. Doi: 10.1016/.2014.09.005.

SHAW, S. E., DAY, M. J., BIRTLES, R. J., and BREITSCHWERDT, E. B., 2001. Tick-borne infectious diseases of dogs. Trends in parasitology, 17, 74-80. DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4922(00)01856-0
STEERE, A.C. 1989. Lyme disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 321: 586-596. Available at: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm198908313210906
SUKSAWAT, J., XUEJIE, Y., HANCOCK, S. I.,  HEGARTY, B. C., NILKUMHANG, P., and E. BREITSCHWERDT, B., 2001. Serologic and Molecular Evidence of Coinfection with Multiple Vector‐Borne Pathogens in Dogs from Thailand. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 15: 453-462. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2001)0152.3.co;2
SYKES, J. E. 2014. Canine and feline infectious diseases.: Elsevier.BookAvailable at: https://www.elsevier.com › books
SHAW, S. E., J., DAY, M., BIRTLES, R. J., and BREITSCHWERDT, E. B., 2001. Tick-borne infectious diseases of dogs. Trends in parasitology, 17: 74-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(00)01856-0
TAY, S., KAMALANATHAN, M., and ROHANI, M., 2002. Borrelia burgdorferi (strain B. afzelii) antibodies) among Malaysian blood donors and patients. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 33: 787-793

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 30 November 2022
  • Revise Date: 21 January 2023
  • Accept Date: 16 February 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics