Sorour, H., Badr, H., Abdelaty, M., Roshdy, H., Mohammed, A., AbdelRahman, M. (2023). Virulence Range and New Pathological Pictures of Salmonella enteridits and Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Ducklings in Experimental Infected Chicks. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 8(1), 45-56. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.167692.1183
Hend Sorour; Heba Badr; May Abdelaty; Heba Roshdy; Ahmed Mohammed; Mona AbdelRahman. "Virulence Range and New Pathological Pictures of Salmonella enteridits and Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Ducklings in Experimental Infected Chicks". Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 8, 1, 2023, 45-56. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.167692.1183
Sorour, H., Badr, H., Abdelaty, M., Roshdy, H., Mohammed, A., AbdelRahman, M. (2023). 'Virulence Range and New Pathological Pictures of Salmonella enteridits and Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Ducklings in Experimental Infected Chicks', Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 8(1), pp. 45-56. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.167692.1183
Sorour, H., Badr, H., Abdelaty, M., Roshdy, H., Mohammed, A., AbdelRahman, M. Virulence Range and New Pathological Pictures of Salmonella enteridits and Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Ducklings in Experimental Infected Chicks. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2023; 8(1): 45-56. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.167692.1183
Virulence Range and New Pathological Pictures of Salmonella enteridits and Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Ducklings in Experimental Infected Chicks
Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt.
Receive Date: 09 October 2022,
Revise Date: 16 November 2022,
Accept Date: 01 December 2022
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a major global pathogen in the poultry industry and is a significant public health concern. Ducks are known to be carriers of Salmonella. Therefore, monitoring salmonellosis is the most important strategy for preventing the disease. An experimental design was planned to study the pathogenicity of two Salmonella strains. One hundred and fifty chicks were divided into three groups; group one was inoculated with the Salmonella enteritidis strain, group two was inoculated with the Salmonella typhimurium strain, and group three was UN inoculated. Symptoms, postmortem lesions and mortality rate were recorded. The chick growth performance parameters were also determined. Using ANOVA for statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in body weight, body gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio between the two infected groups and the blank group (uninoculated group). In this study, the prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis was (1.73%) and Salmonella typhimurium (0.43%) in imported ducklings in Egypt. Both Salmonella strains were subjected to an antimicrobial sensitivity test. It showed that Salmonella enteritidis had a 60% antimicrobial resistance profile and Salmonella typhimurium had a 20% antimicrobial resistance profile. Furthermore, genotypic characterization was performed and the seven virulence genes(stn, avrA, sopB, ompF, invA, Mgtc, Ssaq) were found. New pathological lesions of Salmonella infection were discovered, such as skull hemorrhage at 3 days and 6 days of age, and a liver similar to a button shape in necropsied infected chicks with Salmonella typhimurium at 21 days of age. Furthermore, hemorrhagic spots were observed on the duodenum. In the presence of Salmonella, Clostridium perferingens was discovered in a bacteriological investigation of duodenal lesions samples from infected chicks. At 30 days of age, administration of acetic acid (1%) as an alternative tool for controlling Salmonella. In conclusion, salmonellosis is a risk factor for necrotic enteritis, and using acetic acid to eliminate salmonella infection is insufficient.
ASMAA, E. M. E, AZEEM, M.W., SULTAN, S., and YOUSIF, A. A., 2016. Detection of five major pathogenicity islands in Salmonella serovars isolated from broiler chicken. Nature and Science,14(9):103-10. https://doi.org/10.5455%2Fjavar.2019.f358
BHOWMICK, P. P., DEVEGOWDA, D., RUWANDEEPIKA, H. A. D., and KARUNASAGAR, I. , 2019. Presence of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 genes in seafood-associated Salmonella serovars and the role of the sseC gene in survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden in epithelial cells. Microbiology (2011), 157, 160–168, https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.043596-0
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS INSTITUTE CLSI, 2021. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 27th Informational Supplement Document M100- S27, CLSI, Wayne.
ERNES, A., AGUSTIN, I. LUHNI, P., IRMA, R., and ISTIYANINGSIH, J., 2019. Detection of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island and Salmonella plasmid virulence genes in Salmonella enteritidis originated from layer and broiler farms in Java Island. Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research. 6 (3); 384–393. https://doi.org/10.5455%2Fjavar.2019.f358
EL-GAOS, M.I., KHALIL, M.R. and GHADA, A. A. E., 2020. Detection of some virulence genes in Salmonella species isolated from ducks and duck eggs. Assiut Vet. Med. J.(66): 164, 1-9.
ENGY, A.H., ABDELATY, M.F., SOROUR, H.K., ROSHDY, H., ABDELRAHMAN, M.A.A., MAGDY, O., ABDELFATAH.W.I., SAYED, A., MOHAMED, H., YOUSSEF, M., HASSAN, W.M., and BADR, H., 2021. Monitoring of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Farms from 2014 to 2018. Veterinary Medicine International, Article ID 6739220,8.
FEKRY,E., EMAN-ABDEEN.,E., AMMAR, A.M., and HUSSIEN, A., 2018. Molecular Detection of InvA, OmpA and Stn Genes in Salmonella Serovars from Broilers in Egypt AJVS. 56(1): 69-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.288089
FRANCESCA, M., REBECCA, G., EMMA, K., ANDRÉ, R., HANNAH, R., FELICITY, C., ROB, D., and ROBERTO, L., 2014. Characterization of the invasiveness of monophasic and aphasic Salmonella Typhimurium strains in 1-day-old and point-of-lay chickens. Avian Pathology. 43 ( 3); 269–275.https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2014.917759
GONG, J.S., XU, M. ,ZHU, C. H. ,MIAO, J.F., LIU, X.X., and XU, B., 2013 . Antimicrobial resistance, presence of integrons and biofilm formation of Salmonella Pullorum isolates from eastern China (1962-2010). Avian Pathol. 42:290–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2013.788129
GULBEENA, S., RUKHSHANDA, R., FARINA,K., and RAHEELA, A., 2016. Effects of acetic acid supplementation in broiler chickens orally challenged with Salmonella Pullorum.Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences.40: 434-443 https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1505-66
GUNZEL,D.L., KUCHARSKI, M., KEHRES, D.G., ROMERO, M.F., and MAGUIRE M.E., 2006.The MgtC virulence factor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium activates Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. J Bacteriol.188:5586–94. https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJB.00296-06
HEBA, B., ROSHDY, H., SOROUR, H.K., ABDELRAHMAN, M. A.A., ERFAN, A.M., SALEM, N., NASEF, S.A., HASSAN, W.M., and ABDELATY, M.F., 2021. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Imported Poultry. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 9 (6): 823-834.
HENDRIKSEN, R. S., VIEIRA, A.R., KARLSMOSE, S., LO FO WONG, D.M., JENSEN, A. B., and WEGENER, H.C., 2011. Global monitoring of Salmonella serovar distribution from the world health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network Country Data Bank: Results of quality assured laboratories from 2001 to 2007. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8(8), 887–900, https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2010.0787
HUYGHEBAERT, G., DUCATELLE, R., and VAN IMMERSEEL. F., 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Vet J. 187: 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.003.
HUEHN, S.L., RAGIONE, R.M., ANJUM, M., SAUNDERS, M., WOODWARD, M.J., BUNGE, C., HELMUTH, R., HAUSER, E., GUERRA, B., BEUTLICH, J., BRISABOIS, A., PETER, T., SVENSSONM, L., MADAJCZAK, G., LITRUP,E., IMRE, A., HERRERA-LEON, S., MEVIUS, D., NEWELL, D.G., and MALORNY, B., 2010.Virulotyping and antimicrobial resistance typing of Salmonella enterica serovars relevant to human health in Europe. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 7:523-35. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2009.0447
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION, ISO 6579- 1, 2020. Microbiology of the Food Chain—Horizontal Method for the Detection, Enumeration and Serotyping of Salmonella—Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp, International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ISO 6579 -3, 2014. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-Horizontal method for the detection of Salmonella.- part3:International Standards Organization. Geneva.
JONES, F.T., and RICKE, S., 2003. Observations on the history of the development of antimicrobials and their use in poultry feeds. Poult Sci 82(4):613–617. pmid:12710481. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.4.613
KIM, T.S.KIM, G.S., SON, J.S. ,LAI, V.D. , MO, I.P., and JANG, H., 2021. Prevalence, biosecurity factor, and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of Salmonella species isolated from commercial duck farms in Korea. Poult. Sci., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.006
MASHAEL, R. A., MANAL M. A., ABUDABOS, A.M., ALABDULLATIFB, A., EL-MUBARAK, A. H., AL SULIMAN, A.R., and STANLEY, D., 2020a. Organic acid blend supplementation increases butyrate and acetate production in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenged broilers PLOS ONE,1-14.
MASHAEL, R.A., GAMALELDIN, Y., SULIMAN, A., ABDULAZIZ, Y. ABDULLATIF, M.A., and ALAELDEIN, 2020b. Effects of phytobiotic feed additives on growth traits, blood biochemistry, and meat characteristics of broiler chickens exposed to Salmonella typhimurium. Poultry Science 99:5744–5751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.033
MASHOOQ, A.D., UNEEB, U., SYED, M.A., RAASHID, A., ZAHID, A. K., TANVEER, A.D., SHAKIL, A. B., PEERZADA, T.M., NADEEM, S., RIAZ, A.S, and MOHAMMAD, H., 2019. Gene expression and antibody response in chicken against Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. Poultry Science .98:2008–2013. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey560
MOHAMED, A. L., EID, A.A.M., NASEF, S.A., and HAMAD, E.M., 2017. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Paratyphoid Salmonellae isolated from Poultry in Delta Area- Egypt. Volume 45, Number 3, p. 262-272. https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2017.7951
MUNA, E. A., MANAL, H. S., ZAKIA, A. M., HALIMA, M .O., ABEER, A. M, AMEERA, M. M., HUDA, O. A., and SOWSAN. B.I., 2016. Pathology of Broiler Chicks Naturally Infected with Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) & Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) During an Outbreak in Sudan. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports. 10(1): 1-8; Article no.JSRR.23431 ISSN: 2320-0227. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2016/23431
MURUGKAR, H.V., RAHMAN, H., and DUTTA, P.K., 2003. Distribution of virulence genes in Salmonella serovars isolated from man & animals. Indian J. Med. Res. 117:66-70. PMID: 12931840.
NABILA OSMAN and DINA WAHEED, 2017. Virulence Associated Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Salmonella Species Isolated from Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 16:303-309.DOI:10.3923/ijps.2017.303.309 .
OKAMOTO ,A .S., ANDREATTI , F. R .L. ,LIMA, E.T., PEREIRA, R. E .P, MENCONI , A . , ROCHA, T. S., and MARIETTO-GONÇALVES, G .A., 2007. Immunological evaluation of the intestinal mucosa of broiler chicks treated with lactobacillus spp. and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Braz. J. Poult. Sci.9, 259–262.https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2007000400009
PRATIMA, A., SUDHIR, Y., DOUGLAS, E.C., NELSON, A.C., JOSHUA, A., JENDZA, X., WOO, K.K., 2020. Effect of organic acid mixture on growth performance and Salmonella Typhimurium colonization in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 99:2645–2649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.037
SALEM, W.M., SHIBATA EL-HAMED, D.M.W., SAYED, W.F., and ELAMARY, R.B., 2017. Alterations in virulence and antibiotic-resistant genes of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry: The bactericidal efficacy of Allium sativum. Microbiology Pathology, 108: 91-100. 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.008
SANAK, S.H., SHAGUFTA, A., SANKALP, S., NAWAB, N., and SHAFIQUR, R., 2019.General Performance Observations in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Inoculated with Salmonella enteritidis and Its Amelioration with Vitamin C . International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 8(8): 1224-1233. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.144
SALEH M. J. 2019. A review of Salmonella enterica with particular focus on the pathogenicity and virulence factors, host specificity and antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance, Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/April-2019/5.pdf , doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.504-521.
SARIKA, K., and NAVNEET, K., 2021. Pathogenicity Island in Salmonella. Open access peer-reviewed chapter, doi: 10.5772/intechopen.96443.
SHAH, S. N., KAMIL, S. A. , DARZI, M .M ., MIR, M. S. , and BHAT, S. A., 2013. Haematological and some biochemical changes in experimental fowl typhoid infection in broiler chickens. Comparative Clinical Pathology.22:83–91 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1371-8
SHARKAWY, H.A., TAHOUN, A.E., GOHARY, M. A. F., KHAYAT, T.G., KIDATE, HAFEZ, H., NEUBAUER, M.H., and EL-ADAWY, H., 2017. Epidemiological, molecular characterization, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt. Gut Pathology,10-8. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13099-017-0157-1
SHIVARAMAIAH.S, WOLFENDEN, R. E., BARTA, J. R., MORGAN, M.J., WOLFENDEN, A.D., HARGIS, B. M., and TÉLLEZ, G., 2011. The Role of an Early Salmonella Typhimurium Infection as a Predisposing Factor for Necrotic Enteritis in a Laboratory Challenge Model ,Avian Diseases, 55(2): 2319-323. https://doi.org/10.1637/9604-112910-ResNote.1
SIDDIKY, N. A., SARKER, M. S., RAHMAN KHAN, M. S., RUHENA, B., KABIR, M.E., KARIM, M. R., RAHMAN, M.T., and SAMAD, M.A., 2021. Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 952.
TESSARI, E.N.C., CARDOSO, A.L.S., KANASHIRO, A.M.I., STOPPA, G.F.Z, LUCIANO, R.L., and CASTRO, A.G.M., 2014. Analysis of the presence of Clostridium perfringens in feed and raw material used in poultry production. Food Nutr. Sci., 5(7): 614-617. DOI:10.4236/fns.2014.57072
THUNG, T.Y., RADU, S., MAHYUDIN, N.A., RUKAYADI, Y., ZAKARIA, Z., MAZLAN, N., TAN, B. H. , LEE, E. , YEOH, S.L. , CHIN, Y . Z . , TAN, C. W . , KUAN, C. H., BASRI, D. F. , MOHAMED, W., and RADZI, C.W.J., 2018. Prevalence, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella serovars from retail beef in Selangor, Malaysia. Front. Microbiology. 8:2697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02697
WAFAA, A. A., SOUMAYA, S.A., EL-SHAFII, M.E., HATEM, and REHAB, E.D., 2012. A Trial to Prevent Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Broiler Chickens Using Autogenous Bacterin Compared with Probiotic Preparation. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4( 5):91-107. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v4n5p91
View on SCiNiTO
Top