Virologic detection and molecular characterization of canine parvovirus-2 in dogs

Yanni, Morcos I.; Abouelyazeed, Ebtssam A.; Hanna, Nadia Maher; Abdelmegeed, Hala K.; Khattab, Omnia K.

doi:10.21608/javs.2021.78123.1082

Virologic detection and molecular characterization of canine parvovirus-2 in dogs

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Virology Department , Animal Health Research Institute (Dokki), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

10.21608/javs.2021.78123.1082

Abstract

This study aimed to search the extent of spread of various canine parvovirus variants in Egypt from year 2019 to year 2020 and the ability of the present used vaccines in the protection .In this study, twenty fecal samples were collected from diarrheic puppies. These samples were tested by rapid CPV Ag test kits for the detection of CPV-2 Ag. Ten samples were found positive for CPV2 by rapid Ag test kit (VDRG CPV Ag rapid kit).Positive samples were propagated on Vero cell culture for 8 passages, CPE appears in the form of cell rounding and detachment within 5 days. A conventional polymerase chain reaction test was performed on tissue culture isolates. Partial sequencing of five randomly selected positive samples revealed the presence of 2 CPV2C and 3 CPV2B.CPV2B represents the highest level of the variant serotype of CPV circulating in Egypt through records of egyptian isolated cases at the gene bank . One of the isolate has 100% identity with a CPV2B of cat origin. Our isolates CPVS1 and CPVS4 have 100% nucleotide identity with each other and with CPV cairo1-19 and CPV cairo3-19 belonging to CPV2C , this variant is also widespread all over the country. Continuous accurate molecular and epidemiological studies are needed to follow-up the new mutation of the virus genome which may result in vaccination failure(The majority of the used vaccines in Egypt are of CPV2 origin not of variant origin). The use of CPV2b based vaccine gave better protection than cpv2 based vaccine(Wide range protection against CPV2 variants). The obvious spread and emergence of newly introduced CPV variants at different Egyptian governorates as cited at previous study necessitates updated molecular based epidemiological studies of field isolates continuously to follow up the efficacy of the concurrent used vaccines.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Virology

References

AL-HOSARY, A.A.T., 2018. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Parvovirus Serotypes in Egypt. J. Adv.Vet. Res., 79-83 Vol.8 (4). ISSN:2090-2677/2090-6269.

AMANI ALI SALEH AND MOHAMED HASSAN KHODIER., 2020. Preliminary Studies On The Virus Causing Outbreak Of Duckling Short Beak And Dwarfism Syndrome (SBDS) In Egypt. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 5(4): 55-60. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/javs.2020.118004.

APPEL, MJ., SCOTT, FW. AND CARMICHEL, LE., 1979. Isolation and immunization studies of a canine parvo like a virus from dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis.Vet. Rec 105:156-159. DOI: 10.1136/vr.105.8.156.

COTMORE SF., AGBANDJE-MCKENNA M., CHIORINI JA, MUKHA D V., PINTEL DJ, QIU J, J., SODERLUND,VENERMO, M., TATTERSALL, P., TIJSSEN, P., GATHERER, D., AND DAVISON, A. J., 2014.The family parvoviridae. Arch Virol. 159:1239–47. DOI:10.1007/s00705-013-1914-1.

DECARO, N. AND BUONAVOGLIA, C., 2012. Canine parvovirus–a review of epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, with emphasis on type 2c. Vet Microbiol. 155:1–12. DOI:10.1016/ j.vetmic.2011.09.007

DECARO N, MARTELLA V, ELIA G, DESARIO C, CAMPOLO M, LORUSSO E, COLAIANNI ML, LORUSSO A. AND BUONAVOGLIA C., 2007. Tissue distribution of the antigenic variants of canine parvovirus type 2 in dogs.Vet Microbiol. 121(1-2):39-44. Epub 2006 Nov 21. DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.005

LAURA, A., SHACKELTON, COLIN R., PARRISH, UWE., TRUYEN AND EDWARD C. HOLMES, 2005. High rate of viral evolution associated with the emergence of carnivore parvovirusProc Natl Acad Sci. 102(2): 379–384. DOI:10.1073/PNAS.0406765102

OLIVEIRA PSBD., CARGNELUTTI JF, MASUDA EK, FIGHERA RA, KOMMERS GD, SILVA MCD., WEIBLEN R. AND FLORES EF ., 2018. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of canineparvovirus 2c infection in dogs from southern Brazil. PesquisaVet. Brasil. 38: 113-118. DOI.og/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5122

PARRISH C R , O'CONNELL P H , EVERMANN J F AND CARMICHAEL, L E., 1985.Natural variation of canine parvovirus. Science. Nov 29;230(4729):1046-8. doi: 10.1126/science.4059921.

PARRISH C R , AQUADRO C F , STRASSHEIM M L , EVERMANN J F, SGRO J Y. AND MOHAMMED H O., 1991. Rapid antigenic-type replacement and DNA sequence evolution of canine parvovirus. J Virol. 65 (12):6544-52. doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.12.6544-6552.

REED, AP, JONES, E V. AND MILLER, TJ., 1988. Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of canine parvovirus. J Virol. 62:266–76. DOI:10.1128/JVI.266-276.1988.

SANJAY KAPIL, EMILY COOPER, CATHY LAMM, BRANDY MURRAY, GRANT REZABEK, LARRY JOHSTON, GREGORY CAMPBELL AND BILL JOHNSON., 2007. Canine parvovirus type 2c and 2b circulating in North American dogs in 2006 and 2007.J. Clinical Microbiology 4044-4047 DOI:10.1128/JCM.01300-07

SHERRY GlOVER, BS; GRAIG ANDERSON, BS; MIKE PIONTKOWSKI, DVM. AND TERRY NG., 2012. Canine parvovirus (CPV)Type 2B vaccine protects puppies with maternal antibodies to CPV when challenged with virulent CPV-2c virus. Intern J Appl.Res Vet. Med. 10(3) 217-224 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286031618_

SOLIMAN RM, BAKER NM, NASR MY. AND KHODEIR MH., 2018. Clinical, virological, and molecular characterization of canine parvovirus in dogs. Euro. J. Pharmaceut. Med. Res.5: 525-535 . DOI| http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.rjvp/2019/7.4.74.82

TAKAHISA OHSHIMA AND MASAMI MOCHIZUKI., 2009. Evidence for Recombination Between Feline Panleukopenia Virus and Canine Parvovirus Type 2.Journal of Veterinary Medical Science , 71 (4) 403-408. DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.403

WAFAA M. El-NESHWY, HEBA El-ZAHAR, ABDELKEREEM M. MORSI, TAREK SHETY., 2019. Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Canine Parvovirus Variants(2A-2B-2C) in Egypt. Research Journal of Veterinary Practitioners 7(4): 74-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.rjvp/2019/7.3.74.82

YASUHIRO IKEDA, MASAMI MOCHIZUKI, RISAKO NAITO, KAZUYA NAKAMURA, TAKAYUKI MIYAZAWA, TAKESHI MIKAMI, and EIJI.AND TAKAHASHI, 2000 .The predominance of Canine Parvovirus (CPV) in Unvaccinated Cat Populations and the Emergence of New Antigenic Types of CPVs in Cats. Virology 278: 13-19 . https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2000.0653

YASUHIRO IKEDA; NAKAMURA, K; MUJAZAIVA; TAKAAHASHI E. MOCHIZUKIM., 2002. Feline host range of canine parvovirus: recent emergence of new antigenic types in cats.Emergency Infectious Dis. 8(4)341-346.DOI:10.3201/eid0804.010228.