Abed EL-Fadil, M., EL-Hawary, R., Shabana, W., Farok, E., Ali, N. (2019). Enhancement Of Pneumo-4 Vaccine Efficacy By Using Of Carbomere As An Adjuvant. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), 35-40. doi: 10.21608/javs.2019.62653
Maha Raafat Abed EL-Fadil; Rasha I. EL-Hawary; Walaa S. Shabana; Ekbal M. Farok; Naglaa I. Ali. "Enhancement Of Pneumo-4 Vaccine Efficacy By Using Of Carbomere As An Adjuvant". Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 4, 2, 2019, 35-40. doi: 10.21608/javs.2019.62653
Abed EL-Fadil, M., EL-Hawary, R., Shabana, W., Farok, E., Ali, N. (2019). 'Enhancement Of Pneumo-4 Vaccine Efficacy By Using Of Carbomere As An Adjuvant', Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), pp. 35-40. doi: 10.21608/javs.2019.62653
Abed EL-Fadil, M., EL-Hawary, R., Shabana, W., Farok, E., Ali, N. Enhancement Of Pneumo-4 Vaccine Efficacy By Using Of Carbomere As An Adjuvant. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2019; 4(2): 35-40. doi: 10.21608/javs.2019.62653
Enhancement Of Pneumo-4 Vaccine Efficacy By Using Of Carbomere As An Adjuvant
Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Postal No: 11381 P.O. Box 131, Egypt.
Receive Date: 03 August 2019,
Revise Date: 28 November 2019,
Accept Date: 18 September 2019
Abstract
The present study aimed to prepare a combined inactivated pneumo-4 vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhoea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza-3(PI-3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) adjuvanted with carbomere and compare the animal protection scope with its product mate Pneumo-4 adjuvanted alhydragel . Carbomere adjuvant stimulated higher levels and longer lasting antibody to pneumo-4 vaccine than vaccines of equivalent antigenic content containing aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant. Quality control results proved that the pneumo-4 vaccine adjuvanted either by aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant or carbomere (different concentration 0.2,0.5 and0.8 %) was pure and completely safe to be used in calves without any abnomalities.Potency test was performed on five groups of five calves for each group,Where the first group was vaccinated with pneumo-4 vaccine adjuvant with carbomere 0.2(formula 2), second group was vaccinated with pneumo-4 vaccine adjuvant with carbomere 0.5 (formula 3), third group was vaccinated with pneumo-4 vaccine adjuvant with carbomere 0.8(formula 4),,The fourth group vaccinated with pneumo-4 vaccine with aluminum hydroxide gel(formula 1), and the fifth last group was left as non vaccinated control group.compared humoral immune response using serum neutralization and ELISA expressed by neutralization index of different vaccine formulation was revealed that The prepared pneumo-4 vaccine adjuvant with carbomere 0.5 proved to be highly potent formmula along 6 month after second booster dose applying. Also pneumo-4 vaccine adjuvant with carbomere was showed cellular immunity reaction higer than pneumo-4 vaccine with aluminum hydroxide gel using Estimation of nitric oxideactivity test.
BAHNEMANN, H.G. 1975. Binary ethyleneimine as an inactivant for FMD and its application for vaccine production.Arch. Virol. (47): 46-56.
BARTELING, S. J.; VAN MAANEN, C.; YADIN H. AND ANEMAET, D. A. J.1990. A FMD vaccine bank. Purified inactivated antigen stored at ultra-low European commission for the Control of foot and Mouth disease. Session of the research group of the standing technical committee, Lindholm: 172-177.
BICKERT,E.A. AND HERDT, T.H. 1985. Environmental aspects of dairy calves housing comperdium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarians, (7): 5309.
BITTLE, J. L. 1968. Vaccination for bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease.J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc., 192 (6): 861-865.
DIAMANTSTEIN, T., WAGNER, B., BEYSE, I., ODENWALD, M.V., SCHULZ, G. 1971. Stimulation of humoral antibody formation by polyanions. I. The effect of polyacrylic acid on the primary immune response in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 1, 335–340.
DURHAM, P. J. K. AND HASSARD, L. E. 1990. Prevalence of antibodies to IBR, PI-3, BRSV and BVD in cattle in Saskatchewan and Alberta.Cand. Vet. J., 31: 815-820.
EKKENS, M.J., SHEDLOCK, D.J., JUNG, E.H., TROY, A., PEARCE, E.L., SHEN, H., PEARCE, E.J. 2007. Th1 and Th2 Cells Help CD8 T-Cell Responses. Infect. Immun. 75, 2291–2296.
FULTON, R.W.; CONFER, A.W.; BURGE, L.J.; PORINO, L.J.; D'OFFAY, J.M.; PAYTON, M.E. AND MOCK, R.E. 1995. Antibody viral vaccines containing BHV, BVD, PI-3 and BRSV immunogens and subsequent revaccination at day 140. Vaccines, 13: 725-733.
KNEZEVIC, N.; KOSANOVIC, P. AND ROGAN, D. 1990. Immunoprophylaxis of respiratory diseases of cattle with inactivated vaccine. III. Study of the immunogenicity of a bivalent inactivated oil vaccine against IBR and PI-3. Veterinarski Glesnik, 44 (7): 503-512.
KRASHIAS, G., SIMON, A.K., WEGMANN, F., KOK, W.L., HO, L.P., STEVENS, D., SKEHEL, J., HEENEY, J.L., MOGHADDAM, A.E., SATTENTAU, Q.J. 2010. Potent adaptive immune responses induced against HIV-1 gp140 and influenza virus HA by a polyanioni carbomer. Vaccine 28, 2482–2489
LEFEBER, D.J., BENAISSA-TROUW, B., VLIEGENTHART, J.F.G., KAMERLING, J.P., JANSEN, W.T.M., KRAAIJEVELD, K., SNIPPE, H. 2003. Th1-directing adjuvants increase the immunogenicity of oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines related to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Infect. Immun. 71, 6915–6920.
MIHAJLOVIC, B.; CVETOKOVIC, A.; KUZMANOVIC, E.; VUHOBRAT, D.; ASUUIN, R. AND LAZUREVIC, T.1979. Comparison of vaccines against respiratory diseases of cattle infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza-3. Veterinarski Glasnikyugoslavia, 33 (1): 33- 38.
RAJARAAN, V.;NONNECKE, B.J.;; FRANKLIN, S.T.;HAMELL, D.C.AND HORST, R.L.1980. Effect of vitaminA and E on nitric oxide prodution by blood mononuclear leuckoytes from neonatal calf. J. Immunol. 17, 342–349.
REED, L. J. AND MUENCH, A. 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty percent and points.Amer. J. Hyg., 27: 443-445
SAMIRA, S.T.; EL-SABBAGH, M.M.A. AND GHALY, H.M. 2001. Preparation of combined inactivated BVD, IBR, PI-3 and respiratory syncytial Virus (BRSV). J. Egypt. Vet. Med. Ass., 61 (4): 251-263.
SCHWABE, C.W.; RIEMANN, H. AND FRANTI, F. 1977. Epidemiology in veterinary practice. 1st Ed. Lee and Febiger, Philadelphia
STOKKA, G.L. AND EDWARDS ALVIN, L. 1990. Revaccination of stressed calves with a multiple polyvalent vaccine (IBR, BVD, BRSV). Agr. Pract 11 (5): 18-20.
STOUT, R.D., JIANG, C., MATTA, B., TIETZEL, I., WATKINS, S.K., SUTTLES, J.2005. Macrophages sequentially change their functional phenotype in response to changes in microenvironmental influences. J. Immunol. 175, 342–349.
USA CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS 1987. Animal products. No. 0 Parts 1 to 199 Published by the Office of Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration
VOLLER, A., BIDWELL, D.E. AND ANNBARLETT, M. 1976. Enzyme immuno assays in diagnostic medicine, theory and practice.Bull.World. Health, organ, 63: 55-65.
YAVRU S, SIMSEK A, YAPKIC O, KALE M.2005. Serological evaluation of viral infections in bovine respiratory tract. Acta Vet. (Beograd), 55(2/3): 219–226.
ZHANG J1, WANG M1, ZHOU N1, SHEN Y1, LI Y2. 2018. Evaluation of carbopol as an adjuvant on the effectiveness of progressive atrophic rhinitis vaccine.Vaccine. Jul 16;36(30):4477-4484. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.06.023. Epub Jun 13.
ZUFFA, A. AND FEKETEOVA, N. 1980. Protective action of inactivated adjuvant IBR vaccine against experimental infection. Vet. Med., 25 (1): 51-61.