BALDE, A., Omolade, O., Azizat, B., EDMOND, O., David, E., Olawumi, I. (2025). Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains in Chicken Flocks in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for Vaccine Strain Compatibility. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 128-136. doi: 10.21608/javs.2025.363445.1543
Aminata BALDE; Oladele Abodunrin Omolade; Bakre Adetolase Azizat; ONIDJE EDMOND; Eyarefe David; Igado Olumayowa Olawumi. "Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains in Chicken Flocks in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for Vaccine Strain Compatibility". Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 10, 2, 2025, 128-136. doi: 10.21608/javs.2025.363445.1543
BALDE, A., Omolade, O., Azizat, B., EDMOND, O., David, E., Olawumi, I. (2025). 'Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains in Chicken Flocks in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for Vaccine Strain Compatibility', Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), pp. 128-136. doi: 10.21608/javs.2025.363445.1543
BALDE, A., Omolade, O., Azizat, B., EDMOND, O., David, E., Olawumi, I. Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains in Chicken Flocks in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for Vaccine Strain Compatibility. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2025; 10(2): 128-136. doi: 10.21608/javs.2025.363445.1543
Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains in Chicken Flocks in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implications for Vaccine Strain Compatibility
1Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute Including (Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria
2Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute Including (Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
3Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
4Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria
5Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
6Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute Including (Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Receive Date: 24 February 2025,
Revise Date: 20 March 2025,
Accept Date: 24 March 2025
Abstract
Newcastle Disease (ND) poses a significant threat to poultry health and economic stability in Nigeria, with outbreaks affecting both smallholder and commercial farms. Despite vaccination efforts, the persistence of ND outbreaks is attributed to the genetic diversity of circulating Newcastle disease virus strains, which often differ from vaccine strains. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular characteristics of ND virus in chicken flocks within Ibadan between June and September 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting samples from chickens that were tentatively diagnosed as ND at Poultry Diagnostic Centers in Ibadan. The presence of ND virus was confirmed through haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition tests, followed by molecular analysis using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the F-gene. Genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis assessed the relationship between detected strains and available vaccine strains. Out of 297 poultry cases submitted for diagnostic evaluation, 26 were suspected to be ND based on clinical signs and pathological findings, yielding an occurrence rate of 8.8%. Following haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition tests using ND-specific antiserum, 12 samples (4.04%) tested positive for ND virus. At the same time, PCR analysis confirmed the presence of the ND virus in 11 out of the 12 cases, with strains showing high genetic similarity to local field strains but notable variations from existing vaccine strains. The analysis indicated that the strains belonged to the avian paramyxovirus 1 lineage, with a sequence identity of 99.63% among them. The study highlights the need for ongoing molecular surveillance of ND virus in Nigeria to guide vaccination strategies considering the genetic diversity of circulating strains.
ADANU, W.A., UMOH, J.U., KABIR, J., KWAGA, J.K.P., OTOLORIN, G.R., and OLUFEMI, O.O., 2021. Spatial Distribution and Seroprevalence of Newcastle Disease in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Folia Veterinaria, 65(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2021-0005
AIKIRAJI, C., OLUWAYELU, D., ADEYEMO, I.A., and ADEBIYI, A., 2016. Seroprevalence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Slaughtered Pigs in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 48 (2), 18-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.199130
AMOIA, C.F., HAKIZIMANA, J.N., CHENGULA, A.A., MUNIR, M., MISINZO, G., and WEGER-LUCARELLI, J., 2024. Genomic Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotypes in Africa: Implications for Diagnosis, Vaccination, and Regional Collaboration. Viruses, 16 (5), 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050795
ASHRAF, A., SHAH, M.S.-D., HABIB, M., HUSSAIN, M., MAHBOOB, S., and AL-GHANIM, K., 2016. Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Newcastle Disease Virus From Field Outbreaks. Braz. arch. biol. Technol, 59(0). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2016160301
BELLO, M.B., YUSOFF, K.M., IDERIS, A., HAIR-BEJO, M., PEETERS, B.P.H., JIBRIL, A.H., TAMBUWAL, F.M., and OMAR, A.R., 2018. Genotype Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Nigeria : Disease Control Challenges and Future Outlook. Advances in Virology, 2018, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6097291
BROOMAND, Z., JAFARI, R.A., and MAYAHI, M., 2018. Detection of Newcastle disease, H9N2 avian influenza, and infectious bronchitis viruses in respiratory diseases in backyard chickens in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2014-2015. Archives of Razi Institute, 73 (1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.22092/ari.2018.114056
CHINYERE, C.N., MKPUMA, N., MESEKO, C.A., SHITTU, I., OKWOR, E., EZEMA, W., and NWOSUH, C.,2024. Molecular and serological detection of Newcastle disease virus in live-bird markets, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Nig. Vet. J., 44 (2), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.4
EI, I., ALONGE, G., UNIGWE, R., OWOLADE, E., and ANOH, K., 2017. Constraints of Thermostable Newcastle Disease Vaccine Usage among Selected Poultry Production Stakeholders in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 4(9), 350–355. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjavs.2017.v04i09.005
FAO, 2023. Veterinary laboratory testing protocols for priority zoonotic diseases in Africa. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 34. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3956e
HENRIQUES, A.M., NETO, A., FAGULHA, T., ALMEIDA, V., and FEVEREIRO, M., 2023. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in southern Angola, 2016-2018. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 113, 105481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105481
IGWE, A.O. 2024. Sequential histopathological changes of the lower respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus. Nig. Vet. J. 44 (2), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v44i2.3
JAPHET, Y.B. 2022. Sequential effects of experimental Newcastle disease virus on performance and severity of clinical manifestation of the disease in three indigenous Nigerian genotypes of chickens. J. Anim. Sci. Vet. Med. 7(6), 189-197.
MAHMOOD, S., SKINNER, P., WARREN, C.J., MAYERS, J., JAMES, J., NUÑEZ, A., LEAN, F.Z.X., BROOKES, S.M., BROWN, I.H., BANYARD, A.C., and ROSS, C.S., 2024. In vivo challenge studies on vaccinated chickens indicate a virus genotype mismatched vaccine still offers significant protection against NDV. Vaccine, 42(3), 653-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.037
MARIAPPAN, A.K., MUNUSAMY, P., KUMAR, D., LATHEEF, S.K., SINGH, S.D., SINGH, R., and DHAMA, K., 2018. Pathological and molecular investigation of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease outbreak in a vaccinated chicken flocks. VirusDis, 29(2), 180-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-018-0445-5
MEGAHED, M., MOHAMED, W., and HASSANIN, O., 2020. A Complex Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus (Ndv) In Africa Continent: An Updated Review, in: Journal of Animal Health and Production. 9(1), 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2020/9.s1.97.109
MILLER, P.J., and Torchetti, M.K., 2014. Newcastle Disease Virus Detection and Differentiation from Avian Influenza. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1161, 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0758-8_19
MOHARAM, I., RAZIK, A.A.E., SULTAN, H., GHEZLAN, M., MESEKO, C., FRANZKE, K., HARDER, T., BEER, M., and GRUND, C., 2019. Investigation of suspected Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in Egypt uncovers a high virus velogenic ND virus burden in small-scale holdings and the presence of multiple pathogens. Avian Pathology, 48 (5), 406-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2019.1612852
MUHAMMED, S.M., USMAN, M.A., SANI, N.A., IDRIS, S.Y., and WAKAWA, A.M., 2020. Retrospective Study of Newcastle Disease Cases Diagnosed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Sahel J. Vet. Sci., 17 (2), 33-37.
OKWUOKENYE, G.F., ONYEMEKIHIAN, F., and JOV, E., 2024. Contribution of poultry farming to households’ welfare: A case of enterprise diversification strategy by livestock farmers in Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 19(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.1
OLORUNSHOLA, I.D., DAODU, O.B., OGUNYEMI, M., FOLAHAN, F., OMOREGIE, S., and OGAH, J.I., 2022. Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease in indigenous chickens in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Sokoto J. Vet. Sc. 20 (3), 179-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i3.4
OLOSO, N.O., SMITH, P.W., ADEYEMO, I.A., ODEOKUN, I.A., ISOLA, T.O., FASANMI, O.G., and FASINA, F.O., 2020. The broiler chicken production value chain in Nigeria between needs and policy: situation analysis, action plan for development, and lessons for other developing countries. CABI Reviews PAVSNNR202015020, 15 (20), 12. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202015020
OLUWOLE, O., EMIKPE, B., and OLUGASA, B., 2012. Attitude of poultry farmer towards vaccination against Newcastle disease and Avian influenza in Ibadan, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 10(1), 5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v10i1.2
SAJO, M.U., SA’IDU, L., SOULEY, M.M., and FAGBOHUN, O.A., 2022. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus vaccines in Nigeria. Vet World, 15(8) 2816-2821. www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2816-2821
SAJO, M.U., USMAN, B., ADAM, M.K., SAMBO, M., SOULEY, M.M., FAGBOHUN, O.A., and SA’IDU, L., 2023. In-silico Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Zaria and Kano of Nigeria. J. Adv. Microbiol., 23(10), 83-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i10759
SHAHAR, E., HADDAS, R., GOLDENBERG, D., LUBLIN, A., BLOCH, I., BACHNER HINENZON, N., and PITCOVSKI, J., 2018. Newcastle disease virus: is an updated attenuated vaccine needed? Avian Pathology, 47(5), 467- 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2018.1488240
SUAREZ, D.L., MILLER, P.J., KOCH, G., MUNDT, E., and RAUTENSCHLEIN, S., 2020. Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, and Avian Metapneumovirus Infections, in: Diseases of Poultry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,109-166. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119371199.ch3
UNIGWE, R., SHOBOWALE, O.M., ENIBE, F., AJAYI, J.O., and KOLEOSHO, S., 2020. Sero-prevalence of newcastle disease in apparently healthy normal feathered local chickens in Ido and Atiba Local Government Areas, Oyo State, Nigeria. Agro-Science 19, 37-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v19i4.7
YANG, H., ZHAO, J., XUE, J., YANG, Y., and ZHANG, G., 2017. Antigenic variation of LaSota and genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and their efficacy against challenge with velogenic NDV. Vaccine, 35 (1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.048
View on SCiNiTO
Top