Hassan, F., Al-Baggou, B. (2022). Some Biochemical changes induced by Toxic Effects of Sulfur in Mice. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 7(4), 97-103. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.155557.1173
Firas S. Hassan; Banan Kh. Al-Baggou. "Some Biochemical changes induced by Toxic Effects of Sulfur in Mice". Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 7, 4, 2022, 97-103. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.155557.1173
Hassan, F., Al-Baggou, B. (2022). 'Some Biochemical changes induced by Toxic Effects of Sulfur in Mice', Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 7(4), pp. 97-103. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.155557.1173
Hassan, F., Al-Baggou, B. Some Biochemical changes induced by Toxic Effects of Sulfur in Mice. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 2022; 7(4): 97-103. doi: 10.21608/javs.2022.155557.1173
Some Biochemical changes induced by Toxic Effects of Sulfur in Mice
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Receive Date: 10 August 2022,
Revise Date: 30 August 2022,
Accept Date: 28 September 2022
Abstract
Sulfur is one of the most reactive chemical elements, The EPA (environmental protection agency) has labeled elemental sulfur as generally safe. This study sheds light on the ability of sulfur to cause toxic biochemical effects by measuring biochemical changes in many parameters. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose in blood plasma, brain, and liver of mice. Mice were orally dosed with sulfur at doses of 4 and 8 kg b.wt. which significantly decreased blood sugar level, ALT, and AST activity at 8 g/kg .in blood plasma after 4 and 1 day. On the other hand, administration of sulfur at doses of 1 and 4 g/kg b.wt, after 7 and 14 days of repeated treatment with it led to a significant decrease in the level of GSH in blood plasma and liver of mice with a significant increase in the level of GSH in the brain, while the 3doses of sulfur caused a significant increase of MDA level in blood plasma, brain, and liver of treated mice. The results of our follow-up testing also showed the biochemical effects of sulfur on both ALT and AST enzymes; it showed a slight increase in the level of both enzymes in blood plasma and a significant decrease in the level of brain GSH after 24 hrs of treatment. In contrast, the level of brain GSH significantly increased after 14 days of sulfur dosing, with a significant increase in the activity of both enzymes(ALT, AST) which indicates the persistence of the toxic effect on the liver. We conclude from this study the possibility and ability of sulfur to cause toxic biochemical effects in mice.
AFKHAMI-ARDAKANI, M., SHIRBAND, A., GOLZADE, J., ASADI-SAMANI, M., LATIFI, E., KHEYLAPOUR, M., and JAFARI, N., 2013. The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH in rats. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 14. URL: http://78.39.35.44/article-1-1141-en.html
CHEN, L. Z., LIN, Z. H., CHEN, J., LIU, S. S., SHI, T., and XIN, Y. N., 2020. Can elevated concentrations of ALT and AST predict the risk of 'recurrence' of COVID-19? Epidemiology and infection, 148, e218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820002186
DIEHL, A.M., POTTER, J., BOITNOTT, J., VAN DUYN, M.A., HERLONG, H.F., and MEZEY, E., 1984. Relationship between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate deficiency and aminotransferase levels in alcoholic hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1984 Apr; 86(4): 632-6. PMID: 6698365.
EJAZ, H., BIBI, E., ALI, W., AHMAD, I., LASHARI, A., FAIZ, H., and NAZAR, W., 2022. Sulfur and particulate matter affecting on soil and underground plants. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 3(1), 40-49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.03.01.05.
EL-DEMERDASH, F. M. 2011. Oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity induced by synthetic pyrethroids-organophosphate insecticides mixture in rat. Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews, 29(2), 145–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2011.577679
EZENWOSU, S. U., NNAMONU, E. I., ODO, G. E., IKELE, B. C., and ANI, O. C., 2021. Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 82(1), 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-020-00201-y
FELDMAN, R. G. 1999. Feldman RG (1999) Occupational and environmental neurotoxicology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Lippincott-Raven.
GAMMON, D.W., MOORE, T.B., O’MALLEY, M.A., 2001. A toxicological assessment of sulfur as a pesticide, in Krieger R (ed): Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. San Diego: Academic Press, 2001, pp. 1781–1791. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00088-4
HOLLAND, S. L., and AVERY, S. V., 2011. Chromate toxicity and the role of sulfur. Metallomics: integrated biometal science, 3(11), 1119–1123. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c1mt00059d
HOSSEINI, S. E., MEHRABANI, D., and REZAEI, E., 2014. Effects of pomegranate juice on liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. URL: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-1345-en.html
JAMES, R.C., GOODMAN, D.R., and HARBISON, R.D., 1982. Hepatic glutathione and hepatotoxicity: changes induced by selected narcotics. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 221 3, 708-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7086683/
LAMFON, H. A. 2007. Effect of silymarin against deltamethrin-induced histological and biochemical changes in liver of albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol, 3, 165-9. http://www.egyseb.net/fulltext/3-1430950462.pdf
LIKUS -CIEŚLIK, J., PIETRZYKOWSKI, M., ŚLIWIŃSKA-SIUŚTA, M., KRZAKLEWSKI, W., and SZOSTAK, M., 2015. A preliminary assessment of soil sulphur contamination and vegetation the vicinity of former boreholes on the afforested post-mine site Jeziórko. Geology, Geophysics and Environment, 41(4), 371-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0053
MACELLINE, S. P., TOGHYANI, M., CHRYSTAL, P. V., SELLE, P. H., and LIU, S. Y., 2021. Amino acid requirements for laying hens: a comprehensive review. Poultry Science, 100(5), 101036.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101036
MADIGAN, M. T., MARTINKO, J. M., and PARKER, J., 2006. Brock biology of microorganisms. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. (Vol. 11, p. 136)
MILOVANOVIC, I., LAJIN, B., BRAEUER, S., STEINER, O., LISA, F., and GOESSLER, W., 2019. Simultaneous selenium and sulfur speciation analysis in cultivated Pleurotus pulmonarius mushroom. Food Chemistry, 279, 231–236.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.009
OHKAWA, H., OHISHI, N., and YAGI, K., 1979. Assay for lipid peroxidation in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem; 95:351-358. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
OKINO, S., IKEO, M., UENO, Y., and TANEDA, D., 2013. Effects of Tween 80 on cellulase stability under agitated conditions. Bioresource Technology, 142, 535–539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.078
PAN, Y., CAI, L., HE, S., and ZHANG, Z., 2014. Pharmacokinetics study of ferulic acid in rats after oral administration of γ-oryzanol under combined use of Tween 80 by LC/MS/MS. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 18(2), 143–150. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24488900
PARASHAR, A., KUMAR, S., DOGRA, P., PARASHAR, K., and SINGH, A., 2022. Effect of nitrogen and sulphur applications on growth, yield and quality parameters of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties under semi-arid eastern plain of Rajasthan. 11(1): 1765-1770 DOI: 10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4v.9932
PATOCKOVÁ, J., MARHOL, P., TŮMOVÁ, E., KRSIAK, M., ROKYTA, R., STÍPEK, S., CRKOVSKÁ, J., and ANDEL, M., 2003. Oxidative stress in the brain tissue of laboratory mice with acute post insulin hypoglycemia. Physiological Research, 52(1), 131–135. https://europepmc.org/article/med/12899658
PAWAR NN, PRARABDH CHB, LAXMAN PSH, AVINASH G.T., and KARAM P.S., 2016. Oxidative impairment and histopathological alterations in kidney and brain of mice following subacute lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. Toxicology and Industrial Health.; 1-10. DOI: 10.1177/0748233715627736
RAO SVR, RAJU MVLN, SRILATHA T, NAGALAKSHMI D., and RAJKUMAR U., 2022. Supplementation of sulphur and folic acid improves performance of broiler chicken fed sub‐optimal concentrations of dietary methionine. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11920. PMID: 35396738.
STOHS, S. J., and BAGCHI, D., 1995. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free radical biology and medicine, 18(2), 321-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(94)00159-h
SUGENDRAN, K., JEEVARATNAM, K., HUSAIN, K., SINGH, R., and SRIVASTAVA, D. K., 1992. Effects of topically applied sulphur mustard on tissue glycogen, blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate in mice. Indian Journal of physiology and pharmacology, 36(3), 219–221. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1473858/
WANG, X., ZHAO, Y., SHI, X., GONG, M., HAO, Y., FU, Y., and SHI, H., 2022) Sulfur dioxide derivatives attenuate consolidation of contextual fear memory in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology, 914, 1746 58. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174658
WITHERS, D. J., GUTIERREZ, J. S., TOWERY, H., BURKS, D. J., REN, J. M., PREVIS, S., and WHITE, M. F., 1998. Disruption of IRS-2 causes types 2 diabetes in mice. Nature, 391(6670), 900-904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/36116
YOUSEF, MI, EL-DEMERDASH, F.M., KAMEL K.I., and AL-SALHEN, K.S., 2003. Changes in - 81 - References- some hematological and biochemical indices of rabbits induced by isoflavones and cypermethrin. Toxicol; 189:223-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00145-8