APATA, D. F. 2008. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of
Lactobacillus bulgaricus. J. Sci. Food Agric., 88, 1253-1258.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3214
AWAD, W. A., BOHM, J., RAZZAZI-FAZELI, E., GHAREEB, K. and ZENTEK, J. 2006. Effect of addition of a probiotic microorganism to broiler diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol on performance and histological alterations of intestinal villi of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 85, 974-979.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.6.974
AWAD, W. A., GHAREEB, K., ABDEL-RAHEEM, S. and BOHM, J. 2009. Effect of dietary inclusion of probiotic and symbiotic on growth performance, organ weights and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 88, 1, 49-56.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00244
BRISBIN, J. T., ZHOU, H.; GONG, J., SABOUR, P., AKBARI, M. R., HAGHIGHI, H. R., YU, H., CLARKE, A., SARSON, A. J. and SHARIF, S. 2008. Gene expression profiling of chicken lymphoid cells after treatment with Lactobacillusacidophilus cellular components. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 32, 563-574.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2007.09.003
CHIANG, S. H. and HSIEM, W. M. 1995. Effect of direct feed microorganisms on broiler growth performance and litter ammonia level. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci., 8, 159-162.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1995.159
COLOE, P. J.; BAGUST, T. J. AND IRELAND, L. 1984. Development of the normal gastrointestinal micro-flora of specific pathogenfree chickens. J. of Hygiene., 92, 79-87.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400064056
DERIBE, G., SHIMELIS, M., FITSUM, T., MELESE, Y., SHEWANGIZAW, W. and TEWODROS, G. 2017. Effect of Inclusion Rate of Effective Microbes (Em) On Growth Rate of Lambs Fed Low Protein Diet. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 1(6).
https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2017.01.000517
DUNHAN, H. J., WILLIAMS, C., EDENS, F. W., CASAS, I. A. and DOBROGOSZ, W. J. 1993. Lactobacillus reuteri immune modulation of stress-associated diseases in newly hatched chickens and turkeys.Poult.Sci., 72 :(2), 103-104.
https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/140535625/DANMAP_2016_LOW_241017.pdf
EL-GENDY, H. 1993. Effect of adding vegetable oils to the diet on the performance on rabbits.Egyption. J. of Rabbit Sci., 3, 103-111.
FAO/WHO. 2001. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria; FAO/WHO: Amerian Córdoba Park Hotel, Córdoba, Argentina; pp. 1-34.
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs_management/en/probiotics.pdf?ua=1
FRANCIS, C., JANKY, D. M., ARAFAM A. S. and HARMS, R. H. 1978. Interrelationship of
lactobacillus and zinc bacitracin in diets of turkey poults.Poult. Sci., 57, 1687-1689.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0571687
HUANG, M. K., CHOI, Y. J., HOUDE, R., LEE, J. W., LEE, B. and ZHAO, X. 2004. Effects of
lactobacilli and an
acidophilic fungus on the production performance and immune responses in broiler chickens.Poult. Sci., 83, 788-795.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.5.788
JIN, L.Z., HO, Y.W., ABDULLAH, N. and JALALUDIN, S. 1996a. Influence of dried
Bacillus subtilis and
Lactobacilli culture on intestinal micro-flora and performance in broilers. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci., 9, 397-404.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1996.397
JIN, L.Z., HO, Y.W., ABDULLAH, N. and JALALUDIN, S. 1996b. Effect of Lactobacillus culture on the digestive enzymes in chicken intestine. Proceedings of the 8th Anim. Sci. Congress, Tokyo, Chiba, Japan, pp. 224-225.
JIN, L.Z., HO, Y.W., ABDULLAH, N. and JALALUDIN, S.1998. Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations, and serum cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing
Lactobacillus cultures. Poul. Sci., 77, 1259-1265.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.9.1259
JWHER, DH.M.T., and S.K. AND MOHAMMAD, A.G. 2013. The study of using effective microorganisms (EM) on health and performance of broiler chicks. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2013 (73-78).
https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2013.82784
JWHER, DH. M. and AL-SARHAN, M. R. 2022. Evaluation the Role of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the Growth Performance and Health Parameters on Common Carp (
Cyprinus carpio L.). Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 7 (2): 46– 52.
https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/javs.2022.122809.112
KABIR, S.M.L., RAHMAN, M.M., RAHMAN, M.B., HOSAIN, M.Z., AND, AK, M.S.I. AND DAS, S.K. 2005. Viability of probiotics in balancing intestinal flora and effecting histological changes of crop and caecal tissues of broilers.Biotech., 4, 325-330.
https://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/biotech/2005/325-330.pdf
KALAVATHY, R., ABDULLAH, N., JALALUDIN, S., WONG, M.C.V.L. and HO, Y.W. 2006. Effects of Lactobacillus feed supplementation on cholesterol, fat content and fatty acid composition of the liver, muscle and carcass of broiler chickens. Anim. Research., 55, 77-82.
https://animres.edpsciences.org/articles/animres/pdf/2006/01/z204059.pdf
KALBASI, A., MUKHTAR, S., HAWKINS, S.E. and AUVERMANN, B.W. 2006. Design, Utilization, Bioscurity, Environmental and Economic Consideration of Carcass Composting. Compost Science and Utilization, Vol.14 NO2:90-102.
https://agrilife.org/envsys/files/2016/03/Kalbasi-et-al.-2006.pdf
KENGO, Y. and HUI-LIAN, X. 2000. Properties and applications of an organic fertilizer inoculated with effective microorganisms. Journal of Crop production, 3(1): 255-268.
https://doi.org/10.1300/j144v03n01_21
KIZERWETTER-SWIDA, M. and BINEK, M. 2009. Protective effect of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strain on infection with pathogenic bacteria in chickens. Pol. J. Vet. Sci., 12, 15-20.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19459435/
LI WEI-JIONGE 1994. Effect of EM on crop and animal husbandry in China. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference On E M Technology, 16-19th, Nov, 1994.
https://www.emturkey.com.tr/
LIN, H., GUO, X., GOONERATNE, S.R., LAI, R., ZENG, C., ZHAN, F., WANG, W. (2016). The gut microbiome and degradation enzyme activity of wild freshwater fishes influenced by their trophic levels. Sci. Rep. (1)6:240 243.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24340
MOHAN, B., KADIRVEL, R., NATARAJAN, A. and BHASKARAN, M. 1996. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilization and serum cholesterol in broilers.Briti.Poult. Sci., 37, 395-401.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669608417870
MOHAMED, M., AMARASINGHE, A., and NAYANANJALIE, W. 2018. Use of Effective Microorganisms in Dry Zone Dairy Farms in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Livestock Research, 8(4), 50-57.
https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20171019045459
NAHANSHON, S.N., NAKAUE, H.S. and MIROSH, L.W. 1994. Performance of Single Comb White Leghorn laying pullets fed diets supplemented with direct - fed microbials. Poult. Sci., 73, 1699-1711.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0731699
NAHANSHON, S.N., NAKAUE, H.S. and MIROSH, L.W. 1996. Performance of Single Comb White Leghorn layers fed with a live microbial during the growth and egg laying phases. Anim. Sci. and Techno., 57, 25-38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00852-7
OUWEHAND, A 1998. Antimicrobial components from lactic acid bacteria. In Lactic acid bacteria Microbiology and Functional Aspects ed Salminen, S Von Wright A., pp.139-159.New York:Marcel Dekker Inc.
PERDIGON, G., ALAVARES, S., RACHID, M., AGUERO, G. and GOBBATO, N. 1995. Immune system stimulation by probiotics. J. Dairy Sci., 78, 1597-1606.
https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76784-4
SAFALAOH, A.C.L. and SMITH, G.A. 2001. Effective Microorganisms (EM) as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets. effect on broiler performance, feed utilization and serum cholesterol. In Proceedings of The 6th International Conference On Kyusei Nature Farming, South Africa, 1999.
STEPHENS,W.Z., BURNS, A.R., STAGAMAN, K., WONG, S., RAWLS, J.F., GUILLEMIN, K., BOHANNAN, B.J.M. (2016). The composition of the zebrafish intestinal microbial community varies across development. ISME J. 1(10) 644–654.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4817687/pdf/ismej2015140a.pdf
SZYLIT, O., CHAMP, M., AIT-ABDELKADER, N. and RAIBAUD, P. 1980. Role of five Lactobacillus strains on carbohydrate degradation in monoxenic chickens. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development., 20, 1701-1706.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6984203/
TAHER, D.M. and TABBAA, D. 2009. Comparison normal composting with composting using effective microorganisms for poultry carcasses disposal in poultry farms Jurnal of Vet. Scince 2 (23);127-131.
https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2009.5736
WANG, J.J., PAN, T.M. and SHIEH, M.J. 2006. Effect of red mold rice supplements on serum and meat cholesterol levels of broiler chicken. Journal of Applied . Microbiology. 71, 812-818.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0222-4
YEO, J. and KIM, K. 1997. Effect of feeding diets containing an antibiotic, a probiotic or yucca extract on growth and intestinal unease activity in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 76, 623-385.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.2.381
YOON, C., NA, C.S., PARK, J.H., HAN, S.K., NAM, Y.M. and KWON, J.T. 2004. Effect of feeding multiple probiotics on performance and fecal noxious gas emission in broiler chicks. Kor. J. Poult. Sci., 3, 229-235.
https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200430710410176.pdf
ZULKIFLI, J., ABDULLAH, N., AZRIM, N.M. and HO, Y.W. 2000. Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broilers strains fed diet containing lactobacillus culture and oxytetracycline under heat stress conditions. Br. Poult. Sci., 41, 593-597.
https://doi.org/10.1080/713654979
ZURAINI, Z., SANJAY, G. and NORESAH. M. 2010. Effective Microorganism (EM) technology for water quality restoration and potential for sustainable water resources and management. Proceedings of the International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software Modelling for Environment’s Sake, Fifth Biennial Meeting held between 5th- 8th July 2010, Ontario Canada.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2493&context=iemssconference