The Effect of Xylitol on Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Serum Level and Bone Defect Diameter in Rabbits

Naji, Ahmed H.; Al-Watter, Wael T.; Taqa, Ghada A.

doi:10.21608/javs.2021.97815.1105

The Effect of Xylitol on Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Serum Level and Bone Defect Diameter in Rabbits

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Ministry of Health, Nineveh Health Directorate, Diyala, Iraq.

² Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul , Mosul, Iraq

³ Department of Dental Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry. University of Mosul , Mosul , Iraq

10.21608/javs.2021.97815.1105

Abstract

Objective: our study aimed to investigate the systemic and topical effect of xylitol on the Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and also on the bone mineral density in rabbits at healing site in femur bone postoperatively. Materials and Methods: Twenty four healthy white male New Zealand rabbits will be taken form the same species, same age, weight and circumstance were chosen were used in this study. All animals were submitted to operation in the femur bone region. The groove of 2mm diameter will made on femur bone was drilled by the heavy-duty dental engine. After operation The rabbits were randomly divided into three group (8 rabbits/group) each group were subdivided into 2 experimental periods (14,28 days) four rabbits for each period as following: Control group, n=8 (hole was no filled by anything), locally treated group n=8 (xylitol powder was condensed well in the hole) and systemically treated group n=8 (hole was not filled by anything but the rabbits received orally of 1mg/kg of xylitol. Bone alkaline phosphates and radiological analysis were measured after 14 and 28 days respectively. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between all groups (control and treated).Biochemical analysis for Bone alkaline phosphatase showed a significant increase in BALP in systemically treated group compared with the control.The estimated of bone healing by measuring diameter of bone defect showed highly significant difference in diameter in defect bony at day 14 between control group (36.0±0.05) in comparison with local treated group and systemic treated group (39± 0.78) and (25± 0.90) respectively. Also we found that significantly difference between local treated group (39± 0.78) and systemic treated group (25± 0.90) in diameter but at day 28 there were no significant difference between control group (28.0±0.55) and local treated group in diameter in defect bony at day 28. Whereas there were significantly difference between control group and local treated group in comparison with systemic treated group (24.0 ± 0.23) at p ≤0.05. Conclusion :This study concluded that xylitol was accelerating bone healing when used topically and systemically this indicted by increase the bone alkaline phosphates and bone mineral density in densometric analysis

Keywords

Main Subjects

Surgery

References

AHUJA, V., MACHO, M., EWE, D., SINGH, M., SAHA, S., and SAURAV, K., 2020. Biological And Pharmacological Potential Of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight Of Unique Metabolism. Foods, 9(11), 1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111592.

ARCAÑO, Y. D., GARCÍA, O. D. V., MANDELLI, D., CARVALHO, W. A., and PONTES, L. A. M., 2020. Xylitol: A Review On The Progress And Challenges Of Its Production By Chemical Route. Catalysis Today, 344, 2-14.‏

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.07.060

AWUCHI, C. G., and ECHETA, K. C., 2019. Current Developments In Sugar Alcohols: Chemistry, Nutrition, And Health Concerns Of Sorbitol, Xylitol, Glycerol, Arabitol, Inositol, Maltitol, And Lactitol. International Journal of AdvancedAcademicResearch, 5,1-33.‏.‏ https://www.academia.edu/40798451

BENAHMED, A. G., GASMI, A., ARSHAD, M., SHANAIDA, M., LYSIUK, R., PEANA, M., and BJØRKLUND, G., 2020. Health Benefits Of Xylitol. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1-13.‏, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10708-7.

BONNICK, S., DE VILLIERS, T., ODIO, A., PALACIOS, S., CHAPURLAT, R., DASILVA, C., and GURNER, D., 2013. Effects Of Odanacatib On Bmd And Safety In The Treatment Of Osteoporosis In Postmenopausal Women Previously Treated With Alendronate: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 98(12), 4727-4735.

‏ https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2020.

CHEN, X., JIANG, Z. H., CHEN, S., and QIN, W., 2010. Microbial And Bioconversion Production Of D-Xylitol And Its Detection And Application. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 6, 834–844. doi:10.7150/ijbs.6.834.

https://www.ijbs.com/v06p0834.htm.

CHENG, H., WANG, B., LV, J., JIANG, M., LIN, S., and DENG, Z., 2011. Xylitol Production From Xylose Mother Liquor: A Novel Strategy That Combines The Use Of Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis And Candida Maltose. Microbial Cell Factories, 10(1), 1-12.‏ https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-10-5.

COLLOCA, G., DI CAPUA, B., BELLIENI, A., FUSCO, D., CICIARELLO, F., TAGLIAFERRI, L., and BALDUCCI, L., 2020. Biological And Functional Biomarkers Of Aging: Definition, Characteristics, And How They Can Impact Everyday Cancer Treatment. Current Oncology Reports, 22(11), 1-12.‏ 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-00977-w.

DASHTBAN, M., KEPKA, G., SEIBOTH, B., and QIN, W. 2013., Xylitol Production by Genetically Engineered Trichoderma reesei Strains Using Barley Straw as Feedstock. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 169, 554–569 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-0008-y.

GOODING, S., OLECHNOWICZ, S. W., MORRIS, E. V., ARMITAGE, A. E., AREZES, J., FROST, J., and EDWARDS, C. M., 2019. Transcriptomic Profiling Of The Myeloma Bone-Lining Niche Reveals Bmp Signalling Inhibition To Improve Bone Disease. Nature communications, 10(1), 1-15.

‏ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12296-1

GURGIS, G., OLORI, J., DAZA, J., BRENNAN, I., HUTCHINSON, M., and BAUER, A., 2019. Poster Abstracts: 3d Geometric Morphometric Analysis Of Pygopodid Gecko Skull Morphology And Relationship To Habitat. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 59(Supplement_1).‏https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/brennan-i

HUSSEIN, A. A., and TAQA, G. A., 2021. The Impact of Natural Calcium Carbonate and Ubiquinone on Bone Mineral Density in Rabbits. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 6(4), 15-22.‏

https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/javs.2021.87062.1091.

KATSIPIS, G., TSALOUXIDOU, V., HALEVAS, E., GEROMICHALOU, E., GEROMICHALOS, G., and PANTAZAKI, A. A., 2021. In Vitro And In Silico Evaluation Of The Inhibitory Effect Of A Curcumin-Based Oxovanadium (iv) Complex On Alkaline Phosphatase Activity And Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 105(1), 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11004-0.

KUMAR, V. D. PRASAD, N. D. LAKSHMI, and RAJU, N. K. B., 2018. Evaluation Of Biochemical Parameters For Assessment Of Fracture Healing In Dogs.Pharm. Innova. J, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 577–580. http://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue3/PartI/7-3-37-421.pdf

PAL, S., CHOUDHARY, V., KUMAR, A., BISWAS, D., MONDAL, A. K., and SAHOO, D. K., 2013. Studies On Xylitol Production By Metabolic Pathway Engineered Debaryomyces hansenii. Bioresource technology, 147, 449-455.‏

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.065.

RAINA, D. B., QAYOOM, I., LARSSON, D., ZHENG, M. H., KUMAR, A., ISAKSSON, H., and TÄGIL, M., 2019. Guided Tissue Engineering For Healing Of Cancellous And Cortical Bone Using A Combination Of Biomaterial Based Scaffolding And Local Bone Active Molecule Delivery. Biomaterials, 188, 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.004.

RAMCHAND, S. K., and SEEMAN, E., 2020. Reduced Bone Modeling and Unbalanced Bone Remodeling: Targets for Antiresorptive and Anabolic Therapy. Bone Regulators and Osteoporosis Therapy, 423-450 -2.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2020_354.

SATO, H., IDE, Y., NASU, M., and NUMABE, Y., 2011. The Effects Of Oral Xylitol Administration On Bone Density In Rat Femur. Odontology 99, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-010-0143-2

SHARMA, U., PAL, D., and PRASAD, R., 2014. Alkaline Phosphatase: An Overview. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 29(3), 269-278.‏

https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2020_354.

YANG, B.-X., XIE, C.-Y., XIA, Z.-Y., W.U., Y. J., LI, B., and TANG, Y.Q., 2020. The Effect Of Xylose Reductase Genes On Xylitol Production By Industrial Saccharomyces Cerevisiae In Fermentation Of Glucose And Xylose. Process Biochem. 95, 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.023.

ZHAO KANG, T., MOHAMMAD, S.H., ABD MURAD, A.M., ILLIAS, R., JAHIM, J.M., 2016. Fermentative Production of Xylitol: A First Trial on Xylose Bifurcation. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 9, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i21/95234.